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Warships of the Ancient World: 3000-500 BC (New Vanguard), by Adrian K. Wood
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The world's first war machines were ships built two millennia before the dawn of the Classical world. Their influence on the course of history cannot be overstated since they allowed war to be carried to distant lands, allowing for the first time the rise of empires unrestricted by maritime boundaries. The same ships enabled early Mediterranean nations to explore the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and circumnavigate Africa, while leaving a significant impact on the culture and military thought of later civilisations.
The famed triremes and penteres of the Classical world were the result of centuries of technological advance and experience. A wide variety of galleys and other types of warships were built by successive civilisations, each with their own distinctive appearance, capability and utility. The earliest of these were the Punt ships and the war galleys of Egypt which defeated the Sea People in the first known naval battle, along with the contemporary ships of Minoan Crete, the first sea power. Following the fall of these civilisations, the Phoenicians built biremes and other vessels with which they created the first Mediterranean-wide trade empire, while in Greece the ships described in detail in the 'Trojan' epics established a tradition of warship building culminating in the pentekonters and triaconters which allowed the Greeks to compete for hegemony on the seas.
The warships of the period are abundantly illustrated on pottery and carved seals, and depicted in inscriptions and on bas-reliefs. A number of ships have also been excavated, from Egypt to Sicily, along with marine artefacts such as anchors and a bronze ram, while there are numerous finds of armour and weapons of the types used by naval personnel in this era. To this material evidence can be added literature from such disparate sources as Homer, the Old Testament and the Classical world's first historians.
The subject has been intensively studied for two and a half millennia, culminating in the contemporary works of authoritative scholars such as Morrison, Wallinga, Rodgers and Casson. Finally there are a number of modern reconstructions, both virtual and real, which have shed new light on the technology and usage of vessels of this period.
To date there are no works covering this subject which are accessible and available to non-academics. This can only be considered a serious oversight due to the importance of this fascinating period.
- Sales Rank: #1109929 in Books
- Brand: Osprey
- Published on: 2013-01-22
- Released on: 2013-01-22
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.63" h x .17" w x 7.15" l, .40 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 48 pages
Review
“The first book covering the subject of ancient warships that is available to and accessible by non-academics, this book features full-color artwork and illustrations, as well as cut-away art. It details the design, development, operation and history of this ancient machinery.” ―Model Retailer (May 2013)
“Author Adrian Wood has done considerable research as he tells the tale of the development of these vessels from multi-purpose ships until we get the first purpose built war ships to where carrying stuff was secondary to the mission. Researching ship design of this time is not an easy task and we have to grab snippets of information from the writings of the time as well as from what is presented on pottery as well as any wall paintings or remaining fragments. However, a cohesive story is told and is one that is fascinating to anyone interested in the nautical world. Enhanced by images of artifacts and the excellent illustrations of Giuseppe Rava, we can see how ship development went forward over the 2500 years covered by this edition. It is a book that is both fun to read and interesting.” ―Scott Van Aken, www.modelingmadness.com (February 2013)
About the Author
Adrian's fascination with ancient history began with a gift of Timpo toy Roman soldiers at the age of four, and continued through his Honours degree in Ancient History and Classical Archaeology at Sheffield University. Having been previously employed as a professional musician, motorcycle courier, and fork-lift driver, Adrian currently works at the NERC Isotope Geoscience Laboratory. In addition to reading about and researching ancient warfare, he harbours a deep love of music, and enduring affection for dogs and other animals, and a lifelong addiction to wargames, role-playing games, and boardgames of all sorts.
Most helpful customer reviews
11 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
Good
By JPS
Book ordered from Amazon.co;uk on 10 December 2012; Published in the UK on 7 January 2013. Review first published on 22 January 2013 on the UK site.
With « Warships of the Ancient World 3000-500 BC », Adrian Wood and Guiseppe Rava have managed to come up with a short but valuable overview of warships and naval warfare over a period of some 25 centuries - no mean feat in itself.
I sometimes tend to be quite critical of Osprey's little booklets, especially when the authors are faced with the rather impossible task of cramming several centuries of military history within a few dozen pages (48, 64 or 96, depending upon the collection). Here, however, the effort is very largely successful even if, of course, the book is no more than an introduction and an overview. I liked this book and found it "good" (a subjective assessment, of course, and no more than a personal opinion) for quite a few reasons.
The first has perhaps to do with the author's methods. Unlike a number of fellow-authors writing in the same collection, he mentions upfront that the contents of this book reflect "only one possible interpretation of the information" and refers readers to his bibliography for those wanting to learn about alternative explanations. While this may fall short of presenting these alternatives, it does clearly present the author's choices for what they are: one series of interpretations among a range of possibilities. A related element is that the bibliography that he refers to, while short, does contain the most important titles on the subject or, to be both more modest and more accurate, the ones I was aware of before reading this book, as well as a couple of others which I did not know about!
The second reason for both liking and enjoying this book has to do with its scope - no less than six navies (or even seven if you add in the Etruscans) covered: Egypt, Crete, the Syrian cities during the Bronze Age, the rather mysterious Sea People, the Phoenicians that inherited from them and the Greeks (from the Mycenaeans right down to 500 BC). Despite this, the author manages to show quite clearly how ship types evolved over time, the similarities and differences between the various navies and ship types, the issues they had to address and the various compromises that were struck during the period between speed, robustness and manoeuvrability.
A third reason to praise this book is that the author has clearly done his research and has a good grasp of the technical issues related to shipbuilding, seaworthiness and navigation. He also makes a number of excellent points related to geography and the availability of mineral resources and shipbuilding timber around the Mediterranean which are often passed over, despite their importance. For instance, it is the lack of both in Egypt that made the control of the areas of modern Syria/Lebanon and of Cyprus so critical for Egypt. This was true in the time of Ramses and it stayed true throughout Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
A fourth set of reasons has to do with the pictures and illustrations in general, and those of Guiseppe Rava in particular: great, spectacular and rather gorgeous! They also made me somewhat smile (I am not being sarcastic). The "Homeric Landing" one reminded me of a similar scene at the beginning of Wolfang Petersen's "Troy" (the one with Brad Pitt in the role of Achilles, Eric Bana in the role of Hector and Orlando Bloom in the role of Paris, of course!). I also like the plates that put two types of ships in perspective, allowing for visual comparisons.
I did however have a couple of little glitches to mention. One of the problems in trying to cover half a dozen navies over a period of about 25 centuries is that it is somewhat delicate to include all or at least most of them on the same map. While having the Minoans, the Mycenians, the Egyptians, the Hittites and the Syrian cities (Ugarit in particular) on the same map is fine, adding the Sea People may be a bit problematic in terms of chronology - they may have some responsibility in the fall of the Minoans and certainly were responsible for destroying Ugarit. Having mentioned this, it is easy to see why this choice was made and the chronology of the whole period is just about shaky and controversial enough to allow the author to get away with it.
Another little glitch has to do with a paragraph quoted from Josephus (page 30 in the book), which the author has not bothered to discuss in-depth, probably because he preferred to keep the limited and valuable space that he had for something that he felt to be more important. There are a couple of issues in this paragraph retracing a naval battle between a dozen larger ships from Tyre and sixty ships from other Phoenician cities which were vassals of the Assyrian king of the time. The numbers of rowers provided for the sixty ships (800) is unlikely to have represented all the crew, or perhaps even the total of rowers. The reasons for the victory of the Tyrians are not mentioned, unlike, for instance, the reasons for the victory of the Egyptians of Ramses III over the Sea People or those for the "Cadmean" victory of the Phoceans against the Etrusco-Carthagenian alliance at the Alalia.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Despite it short length is a fairly good introduction
By Yoda
This book is part of the Osprey "New Vanguard" series and, as such, is very short. It is only 48 pages in length. About a third of these consist of illustration of one type of another (i.e., artist's illustrations of battles, photographs of vessels on various art of antiquity [i.e., vases, etc], maps, etc.). Hence the book can only, at most, just touch upon the subject. Thus the relevant question becomes, how well does it do this? The answer is surprisingly well.
The reader gets an idea of how vessels in during this time period were constructed, learns that during nearly this entire period vessels were "dual purpose" in their design and use (i.e., the served for both commerce and war), only towards the end of the period were vessels constructed specially for use as military vessels and tactics used during the period (almost entirely boarding with ramming coming into its own only towards 500 BC when more specialized and maneuverable war vessels were introduced.
All and all a fairly good introduction that just touches the surface of the subject (in 48 pages how much more can it do?) of the topic that can be read in about an hour or so.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
An introductory history of ancient warships and naval warfare
By Anibal Madeira
Although the title of this review may seem at first sight slightly pejorative, it is far from that feeling I try to transmit. As an introduction to the subject you can't find any better book than this one (IMHO)...and with the vast period covered, limited evidence and enormous geographical scope no one could do more than provide one interpretation to this theme, and wisely the author acknowledges just that.
This book is well thought of so that even the layman can immediately start grasping the contents. One example is the glossary being in the beginning of this work, not in the end. The layman will find all the nautical and shipbuilding terminology needed to understand the text right in the first pages! Other well done feature is that the wall paintings, reliefs and artifacts that the author mentioned in the text, are in fact represented with good photographs that provide a good visual reference.
As for the analysis, the author offers his interpretation. As an example, in the Medinet Habu relief, Egyptian ships are provided with rowers and fighting crew, but the Sea people's vessels have only marines and no rowers! The author believes the Sea peoples rowers were the fighting crew (like the Vikings for example); which is somewhat logic, they were raiders and it was logic to maximize the fighting complement of each ship.
All in all, you'll get a very nice survey of 2500 years of sea warfare, with nautical evolution, main battles and a digression of tactics and ships from civilizations like the Egyptians, Sea Peoples, Minoan Crete, Syria and Greece.
The art of Giuseppe Rava, as usual, it's very good, being a valuable addition to the text. With battle scenes and comparatives between ships that provide a great visual reference to the reader. You will find the following plates: Egyptian war galley and Sea people ship - lateral comparison (based on the relief of Medinet Habu); Battle of the Delta (artistic representation); syrian ship and Minoan galley (lateral comparison); Evacuation from Tyre; Pentekonter and Hekatonter (lateral views); Homeric landing; Battle of Alalaia (the first reported ramming actions); Triakonter and Samaina (lateral views).
Highly recommended.
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